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 Flag of MarylandThe state flag of Maryland was officially adopted in 1904. It is the only US state flag based on British heraldry (the coats of arms of noble families). The flag's design was based on the coat of arms adopted by George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore. The alternating yellow and black are from Lord Calvert's family shield; the red and white design is either from Calvert's maternal family, the Cross lands, or his wife's family, the Mynnes. The Maryland colony was founded by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore, hence the use of his family's coat of arms in the flag. Initially, only the gold and black design was associated with Maryland. The red and white Cross land design gained popularity during the American Civil War, in which Maryland remained with the Union despite popular support for the Confederacy. Those Marylanders who supported secession (many of whom fought in the Army of Northern Virginia) were reluctant to use (and to fight under) the banner that was associated with a state which, grudgingly or not, remained with the Union; they adopted the Cross land banner, which had the benefit of being red and white (seen as "secession colors").After the war, Marylanders who had fought on both sides of the conflict returned to their state in need of reconciliation. The present design, which incorporated both symbols, began appearing. It was flown October 11, 1880, in Baltimore, Maryland at a parade marking the 150th anniversary of the founding of Baltimore. It also was flown October 25, 1888, at the Gettysburg Battlefield for ceremonies dedicating monuments to Maryland regiments of the Army of the Potomac. Officially, it was adopted as the State flag in 1904 (Chapter 48, Acts of 1904, effective March 9, 1904). In 1945, the legislature made a gold cross botany the official ornament for a flagstaff carrying the Maryland flag.
 Maryland State Flag
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